Why is DSolve different when the equation is built programmatically?
$begingroup$
Here is a simple differential equation.
mwe=y[x]/.First@DSolve [{y'[x]==x-2*x*y[x],y[0]==0},y[x],x]
I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-x^2}}{2}$
If I build up the same equation in a simple program, I get a different answer:
lsolve[r_,q_,a_,eta_]=y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x];
nwe=lsolve[x,2*x,0,0]
After simplifying, I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-2x^2}}{2}$. Where did the extra factor of $2$ in the exponent come from? And how can I make it go away?
differential-equations variable
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here is a simple differential equation.
mwe=y[x]/.First@DSolve [{y'[x]==x-2*x*y[x],y[0]==0},y[x],x]
I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-x^2}}{2}$
If I build up the same equation in a simple program, I get a different answer:
lsolve[r_,q_,a_,eta_]=y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x];
nwe=lsolve[x,2*x,0,0]
After simplifying, I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-2x^2}}{2}$. Where did the extra factor of $2$ in the exponent come from? And how can I make it go away?
differential-equations variable
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here is a simple differential equation.
mwe=y[x]/.First@DSolve [{y'[x]==x-2*x*y[x],y[0]==0},y[x],x]
I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-x^2}}{2}$
If I build up the same equation in a simple program, I get a different answer:
lsolve[r_,q_,a_,eta_]=y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x];
nwe=lsolve[x,2*x,0,0]
After simplifying, I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-2x^2}}{2}$. Where did the extra factor of $2$ in the exponent come from? And how can I make it go away?
differential-equations variable
$endgroup$
Here is a simple differential equation.
mwe=y[x]/.First@DSolve [{y'[x]==x-2*x*y[x],y[0]==0},y[x],x]
I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-x^2}}{2}$
If I build up the same equation in a simple program, I get a different answer:
lsolve[r_,q_,a_,eta_]=y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x];
nwe=lsolve[x,2*x,0,0]
After simplifying, I get the answer $frac{1}{2}-frac{e^{-2x^2}}{2}$. Where did the extra factor of $2$ in the exponent come from? And how can I make it go away?
differential-equations variable
differential-equations variable
edited Feb 12 at 20:32
Peter Mortensen
33627
33627
asked Feb 12 at 15:25
Joe CorneliJoe Corneli
1335
1335
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
You attempt to solve the ODE at the time of definition of lsolve
. At this point, q
does not depend on x
. You really want to use SetDelayed
here:
lsolve[r_, q_, a_, eta_] :=
y[x] /. First@DSolve[{y'[x] == r - q*y[x], y[a] == eta}, y[x], x];
nwe = lsolve[x, 2*x, 0, 0] // Simplify
1/2 - E^-x^2/2
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxesf[x_] = ...
andf[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand forf[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every timef
is called.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,q
does not depend onx
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend onx
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about:=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with=
,Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluatey[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is(E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and becauseq
is independent ofx
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica thatq
should depend onx
by usingq[x]
instead ofq
, but I don't think you will like the result either.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between=
and:=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value ofq
is supplied, you have to use:=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of=
and:=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
|
show 3 more comments
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1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
You attempt to solve the ODE at the time of definition of lsolve
. At this point, q
does not depend on x
. You really want to use SetDelayed
here:
lsolve[r_, q_, a_, eta_] :=
y[x] /. First@DSolve[{y'[x] == r - q*y[x], y[a] == eta}, y[x], x];
nwe = lsolve[x, 2*x, 0, 0] // Simplify
1/2 - E^-x^2/2
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxesf[x_] = ...
andf[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand forf[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every timef
is called.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,q
does not depend onx
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend onx
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about:=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with=
,Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluatey[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is(E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and becauseq
is independent ofx
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica thatq
should depend onx
by usingq[x]
instead ofq
, but I don't think you will like the result either.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between=
and:=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value ofq
is supplied, you have to use:=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of=
and:=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
You attempt to solve the ODE at the time of definition of lsolve
. At this point, q
does not depend on x
. You really want to use SetDelayed
here:
lsolve[r_, q_, a_, eta_] :=
y[x] /. First@DSolve[{y'[x] == r - q*y[x], y[a] == eta}, y[x], x];
nwe = lsolve[x, 2*x, 0, 0] // Simplify
1/2 - E^-x^2/2
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxesf[x_] = ...
andf[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand forf[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every timef
is called.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,q
does not depend onx
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend onx
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about:=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with=
,Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluatey[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is(E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and becauseq
is independent ofx
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica thatq
should depend onx
by usingq[x]
instead ofq
, but I don't think you will like the result either.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between=
and:=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value ofq
is supplied, you have to use:=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of=
and:=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
You attempt to solve the ODE at the time of definition of lsolve
. At this point, q
does not depend on x
. You really want to use SetDelayed
here:
lsolve[r_, q_, a_, eta_] :=
y[x] /. First@DSolve[{y'[x] == r - q*y[x], y[a] == eta}, y[x], x];
nwe = lsolve[x, 2*x, 0, 0] // Simplify
1/2 - E^-x^2/2
$endgroup$
You attempt to solve the ODE at the time of definition of lsolve
. At this point, q
does not depend on x
. You really want to use SetDelayed
here:
lsolve[r_, q_, a_, eta_] :=
y[x] /. First@DSolve[{y'[x] == r - q*y[x], y[a] == eta}, y[x], x];
nwe = lsolve[x, 2*x, 0, 0] // Simplify
1/2 - E^-x^2/2
edited Feb 12 at 20:49
answered Feb 12 at 15:31
Henrik SchumacherHenrik Schumacher
60.3k583169
60.3k583169
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxesf[x_] = ...
andf[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand forf[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every timef
is called.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,q
does not depend onx
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend onx
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about:=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with=
,Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluatey[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is(E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and becauseq
is independent ofx
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica thatq
should depend onx
by usingq[x]
instead ofq
, but I don't think you will like the result either.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between=
and:=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value ofq
is supplied, you have to use:=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of=
and:=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxesf[x_] = ...
andf[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand forf[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every timef
is called.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,q
does not depend onx
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend onx
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about:=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with=
,Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluatey[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is(E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and becauseq
is independent ofx
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica thatq
should depend onx
by usingq[x]
instead ofq
, but I don't think you will like the result either.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between=
and:=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value ofq
is supplied, you have to use:=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of=
and:=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.
$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
Thanks, I'm glad I asked. Even though my version was syntactically correct, it would have been nice if Mathematica produced a warning!
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:41
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxes
f[x_] = ...
and f[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand for f[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every time f
is called.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
How should Mathematica be able to detect that this does not align with your expectations? Both syntaxes
f[x_] = ...
and f[x_] := ...
have the applications, e.g., the former can be considered as a shorthand for f[x_] := Evaluate[...]
. This is usefull whenever a symbolic compuation can already performed at the time of definition so that it need not be redone every time f
is called.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 12 at 17:17
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,
q
does not depend on x
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend on x
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about :=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
As you said in the answer: "At this point,
q
does not depend on x
." I think Mathematica should be able to tell that I was building an expression that does depend on x
and then generate a warning (but certainly not an error) very much along the lines of what you told me. Otherwise everyone who doesn't know about :=
will end up asking a question similar to mine. How to preempt that and automate your answer? :-)$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 13 at 13:18
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with
=
, Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluate y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is (E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and because q
is independent of x
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica that q
should depend on x
by using q[x]
instead of q
, but I don't think you will like the result either.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
When an assignment is made with
=
, Mathematica
can only set the left hand side to the value of the right hand side at the time of assignment. Evaluate y[x]/.First@DSolve[{y'[x]==r-q*y[x],y[a]==eta},y[x],x]
(just in case: in a fresh kernel) and you will see that the result is (E^(-q x) (E^(a q) eta q - E^(a q) r + E^(q x) r))/q
. Because Mathematica solves the ODE at this point in time and because q
is independent of x
. Of course, you may tell Mathematica that q
should depend on x
by using q[x]
instead of q
, but I don't think you will like the result either.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:24
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between
=
and :=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value of q
is supplied, you have to use :=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of =
and :=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
$begingroup$
I don't understand what you mean by "automation". The difference between
=
and :=
lies in the time of execution of the right hand side. If you want that the ODE is solved only after a precise value of q
is supplied, you have to use :=
. And yes, there are a lot of questions on the subtle differences of =
and :=
on this site. And I have to admit that was also something that was quite miraculous to me when I started to use the language. It helps a bit to recall that Mathematica, in its core, is nothing else but a term rewriting system.$endgroup$
– Henrik Schumacher
Feb 13 at 13:28
|
show 3 more comments
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Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
$begingroup$
Here are the docs on this issue, in case it helps someone else. reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/…
$endgroup$
– Joe Corneli
Feb 12 at 15:42