Snoqualmie people
Snoqualmie people
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 Snoqualmie Indian Tribe's former office in Snoqualmie, Washington | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 1,500[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States ( Washington) | |
| Languages | |
English, Southern Puget Sound Salish language[2] | |
| Religion | |
Christianity, traditional tribal religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
Duwamish, Puyallap, Nisqually, Sammamish, Suquamish, Skykomish,[3] other Salish peoples |
The Snoqualmie people (S·dukʷalbixʷ) are a southern Coast Salish indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their homelands span the Snoqualmie Valley in east King and Snohomish Counties in Washington state.
Today, they are enrolled in the federally recognized tribes: Snoqualmie Indian Tribe and Tulalip Tribes of Washington.
Contents
1 Name
2 Language
3 History
4 Notes
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Name[edit]
The Snoqualmie are also known as the Snoqualmu, Snoqualmoo, Snoqualmick, Snoqualamuke, or Snuqualmi. Their autonym is Sduk-al-bixw, meaning "strong people of status."[1]
Language[edit]
Snoqualmie is a dialect of the Southern Puget Sound Salish language, which is a Lushootseed language, belonging to the Central Salish language family. It is shifting towards English.[2]
History[edit]
Historically Snoqualmie people lived in 58 longhouses in 16 villages, with a population of 3,000–4,000. In the mid-19th century, their homelands had four districts: Monroe, Tolt, Fall City, and North Bend. They had an influential chief Patkanin.[1]
Some Snoqualmies settled onto the Tulalip Reservation after signing the Point Elliott Treaty with the Washington Territory in 1855, but many remained in their ancestral homelands around the Snoqualmie Valley and Lake Sammamish. At that time they were one of the largest tribes in the Puget Sound region, numbering around 4,000.[4]
In 1916, the Snoqualmie people changed their political system to one based on majority rule. They developed four councils: the General Council of the People, the Council of Elders, the Representative Tribal Council, and the Council of Chiefs.[1]
They have tried and failed on several occasions to secure a reservation on their ancestral lands along the Tolt River (a tributary of the Snoqualmie River). Instead, they purchased land for and were granted a Reservation near Snoqualmie, Washington, on which the tribe recently[when?] opened the Snoqualmie Casino.
Notes[edit]
^ abcd "Snoqualmie." Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved 24 Sept 2013.
^ ab "Salish, Southern Puget Sound." Ethnologue. Retrieved 25 Sept 2013.
^ Pritzker 197
^ Krishnan, Sonia (2005-01-04). "Snoqualmie Tribe on road to self-sufficiency". nathpo.org..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
References[edit]
- Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
Further reading[edit]
- Tweddell, Colin E. The Snoqualmie-Duwamish Dialects of Puget Sound Coast Salish: An Outline of Phonemics and Morphology. University of Washington publications in anthropology, v. 12. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1950.
External links[edit]
- Washington state Office of Indian Affairs - Snoqualmie Tribe Information
- Snoqualmie Tribe Information
Categories:
- Native American tribes in Washington (state)
- Coast Salish
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