梨園
Multi tool use
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この項目では、特殊な梨園について説明しています。農作物に関する梨園については「ナシ」をご覧ください。
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梨園（りえん）とは中国・唐の宮廷音楽家養成所である。日本では転じて、一般社会の常識とかけ離れた特殊社会としての歌舞伎俳優の社会を指す。
由来
語の由来は、唐の玄宗の初年（712年）に、唐都長安西北郊の西内苑内で、芸人達を梨が植えられている梨園と称される庭園に集め、音楽教習府と呼ばれる施設で芸を磨いたことに始まる。音楽教習府には、太常寺太楽署所属の楽人で、坐部伎の楽人子弟、教坊の妓女、宮女の一部とが属した。玄宗の嗜好する法曲を、皇帝が直々に教えたため、皇帝梨園弟子と称された。
安史の乱で宮廷の音楽も壊滅して衰退したが、その後再興され、838年には法曲を仙韶曲と改め、梨園を仙韶院と改めた。後、唐末の動乱によって、消滅した。
明代以後の中央劇壇に対しても、梨園という名称が用いられる。
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