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Hunedoara County











Hunedoara County




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County in Vest, Romania






















































Hunedoara County


Județul Hunedoara

County


Coat of arms of Hunedoara County
Coat of arms

Administrative map of Romania with Hunedoara county highlighted
Coordinates: 45°47′N 22°56′E / 45.78°N 22.93°E / 45.78; 22.93Coordinates: 45°47′N 22°56′E / 45.78°N 22.93°E / 45.78; 22.93
Country Romania
Development region Vest
Historical region Transylvania
Capital Deva
Area

 • Total 7,063 km2 (2,727 sq mi)
Area rank 9th
Population
(2011)

 • Total 396,253[1]
 • Rank 20th
Telephone code (+40) 254 or (+40) 354[2]
ISO 3166 code RO-HD
Website
County Council
Prefecture
www.orastie.info

Hunedoara County (Romanian pronunciation: [huneˈdo̯ara] (About this soundlisten)) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.




Contents






  • 1 Name


  • 2 Demographics


  • 3 Geography


    • 3.1 Neighbours




  • 4 Economy


  • 5 Tourism


  • 6 Politics


  • 7 Administrative divisions


  • 8 Historical county


    • 8.1 Administration


    • 8.2 Population


      • 8.2.1 Urban population






  • 9 References


  • 10 External links





Name[edit]


In Hungarian, it is known as Hunyad megye, in German as Kreis Hunedoara, and in Slovak as Hunedoara.



Demographics[edit]


In 2011, the county had a population of 396,253 and the population density was 56.1/km².




  • Romanians - 93.31%[3]


  • Hungarians - 4.09%


  • Romani - 1.9%


  • Germans (Transylvanian Saxons) - 0.25%


Hunedoara's Jiu River Valley is traditionally a coal-mining region, and its high level of industrialisation drew many people from other regions of Romania in the period before the fall of the communist regime.



































Year
County population[4]
1948
306,955
1956

Increase 381,902
1966

Increase 474,602
1977

Increase 514,436
1992

Increase 547,993
2002

Decrease 485,712
2011

Decrease 396,253


Geography[edit]





European bison in Hațeg nature reserve





Gold and sphalerite on quartz, from Sacarîmb, Hunedoara County. Scale at bottom is one inch, with a rule at one cm.


This county has a total area of 7,063 km².


Mainly, the relief is made up of mountains, divided by the Mureș River valley which crosses the county from East to West. To the North side there are the Apuseni Mountains and to the South side there are mountains from the Southern Carpathians group, Parâng Mountains group and Retezat-Godeanu Mountains group: Orastie and Surianu Mountains (South-East), Retezat Mountains (South), Poiana Ruscai Mountains (South-West).


Except from the Mureș River with its tributaries Strei, Râul Mare and Cerna which forms wide valleys, in the North side Crișul Alb River also forms a valley in the Apuseni Mountains - Zarand region. In the South side along the Jiu River with its two branches Jiul de Vest and Jiul de Est, there is a large depression, and an accessible route towards Southern Romania - Oltenia..



Neighbours[edit]




Romanian Counties
AB

AR

AG

BC

BH

BN

BT

BV

BR

BZ

CS

CL

CJ

CT

CV

DB

DJ

GL

GR

GJ

HR

HD

IL

IS

IF

MM

MH

MS

NT

OT

PH

SM

SJ

SB

SV

TR

TM

TL

VS

VL

VN

B





  • Alba County in the East and North.


  • Arad County, Timiș County and Caraș-Severin County in the West.


  • Gorj County in the South.



Economy[edit]


Hunedoara County was one of the most industrialised areas during the communist period, and was very negatively affected when the industry collapsed after the fall of the communist regime.[5]


The industry in the Hunedoara county is linked with the mining activity in the region. In the mountains, from ancient times, metals and coal have been exploited. Nowadays, there is one large industrial complex at Hunedoara owned by Mittal Steel. Also energy related enterprises are located in the county - one of the biggest thermoelectric plant is located at Mintia.


The Jiu Valley, located in the south of the country, has been a major mining area throughout the second half of the 19th century and the 20th century, but many mines were closed down in the years following the collapse of the communist regime.


The city of Hunedoara has also suffered significantly from the 1990s onwards - under communism it
contained the largest steel works in Romania (until Galați took the lead), but activity gradually diminished after the fall of communism due to the loss of the market. This was a blow to the overall prosperity of the town, which is now recovering through new investments.


Agricultural activities also take place in Hunedoara county, which include livestock raising, and fruit and cereal cultivation. The county also has touristic potential, especially through the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains and the Corvin Castle.


The predominant industries in the county are:



  • Metallurgy.

  • Construction materials.

  • Textile industry.

  • Mining equipment.

  • Food industry.


In the 1990s, a large amount of mines were closed down, leaving Hunedoara county with the highest unemployment rate in Romania, of 9.6%, in comparison to the national average of 5.5%.



Tourism[edit]





Corvin Castle in Hunedoara, it is one of the largest castles in Europe and figures in a list of the seven wonders of Romania





Fortress of Deva in Deva


Retezat National Park and other picturesque regions makes it one of the most beautiful counties in Romania. Also there can be found Dacian and Roman complexes in the Orăştie Mountains.


The main tourist attractions in the county are:



  • The Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains - nowadays part of UNESCO World Heritage.

  • Colonia Augusta Ulpia Traiana Dacica Sarmizegetusa - the capital of the Roman province of Dacia.

  • The medieval edifices of Densuș, Deva, Hunedoara, Santămaria-Orlea, Strei.

  • The Medieval Castle from Hunedoara

  • The Medieval Guard Tower from Crivadia



Politics[edit]


The Hunedoara County Council, elected at the 2016 local government elections, is made up of 33 counselors, with the following party composition:[6]























































   
Party
Seats
Current County Council
 

Social Democratic Party

18
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

National Liberal Party

15
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Administrative divisions[edit]





Deva





Hunedoara


Hunedoara County has 7 municipalities, 7 towns and 55 communes. Although Hunedoara County is the most urbanized county in Romania (75% of the population is urban - in 2011)[7] it does not contain any city of more than 100.000 people. Also, following the de-industrialization after the communism fall, the major urban centres in the county, particularly Hunedoara and Petroșani, suffered significant population decline.



  • Municipalities


    • Brad - population: 13,909 (as of 2011[update])


    • Deva - capital city; population: 56,647 (as of 2011[update])


    • Hunedoara - population: 55,384 (as of 2011[update])


    • Lupeni - population: 21,986 (as of 2011[update])


    • Orăștie - population: 17,255 (as of 2011[update])


    • Petroșani - population: 34,331 (as of 2011[update])


    • Vulcan - population: 22,906 (as of 2011[update])



  • Towns

    • Aninoasa

    • Călan

    • Geoagiu

    • Hațeg

    • Petrila

    • Simeria

    • Uricani





  • Communes

    • Baia de Criș

    • Balșa

    • Bănița

    • Baru

    • Băcia

    • Băița

    • Bătrâna

    • Beriu

    • Blăjeni

    • Boșorod

    • Brănișca

    • Bretea Română

    • Buceș

    • Bucureșci

    • Bulzeștii de Sus

    • Bunila

    • Burjuc

    • Cerbăl

    • Certeju de Sus

    • Cârjiți

    • Crișcior

    • Densuș

    • Dobra

    • General Berthelot

    • Ghelari

    • Gurasada

    • Hărău

    • Ilia

    • Lăpugiu de Jos

    • Lelese

    • Lunca Cernii de Jos

    • Luncoiu de Jos

    • Mărtinești

    • Orăștioara de Sus

    • Pestișu Mic

    • Pui

    • Rapoltu Mare

    • Răchitova

    • Ribița

    • Râu de Mori

    • Romos

    • Sarmizegetusa

    • Sălașu de Sus

    • Sântămăria-Orlea

    • Șoimuș

    • Teliucu Inferior

    • Tomești

    • Toplița

    • Totești

    • Turdaș

    • Vața de Jos

    • Vălișoara

    • Vețel

    • Vorța

    • Zam





Historical county[edit]


County in Romania













































Județul Hunedoara
County (Județ)

The Hunedoara County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently serving the same function.
The Hunedoara County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently serving the same function.



Coat of arms of Județul Hunedoara
Coat of arms

Romania 1930 county Hunedoara.png
Country
Flag of Romania.svg Romania
Historic region Transylvania
Capital city (Reședință de județ) Deva
Established 1925
Area

 • Total 7,695 km2 (2,971 sq mi)
Population
(1930)

 • Total 332,118
 • Density 43/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zone
UTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania, in the southwestern part of Transylvania. It included a large part of the present Hunedoara County.


After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by the counties of Severin and Arad, to the north by Turda County, to the east by the counties of Sibiu and Alba, and to the south by the counties of Gorj and Mehedinți.



Administration[edit]




Map of Hunedoara County as constituted in 1938.


The county originally consisted of ten districts (plăṣi):[8]



  1. Plasa Avram Iancu, headquartered at Avram Iancu

  2. Plasa Brad, headquartered at Brad

  3. Plasa Deva, headquartered at Deva

  4. Plasa Geoagiu, headquartered at Geoagiu

  5. Plasa Hațeg, headquartered at Hațeg

  6. Plasa Hunedoara, headquartered at Hunedoara

  7. Plasa Ilia, headquartered at Ilia

  8. Plasa Orăștie, headquartered at Orăștie

  9. Plasa Petroșani, headquartered at Petroșani

  10. Plasa Pui, headquartered at Pui



Subsequently, two other districts were established:



  1. Plasa Dobra, headquartered at Dobra

  2. Plasa Sarmizegetusa, headquartered at Sarmizegetusa



Population[edit]


According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 332,118, of which 82.0% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 2.5% Germans, 1.5% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 64.2% Eastern Orthodox, 18.5% Greek Catholic, 9.1% Roman Catholic, 4.5% Reformed, as well as other minorities.[9]



Urban population[edit]


In 1930, the urban population of the county was 41,234, of which 52.8% were Romanians, 30.4% Hungarians, 6.7% Germans, 6.6% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 42.0% Eastern Orthodox, 25.7% Roman Catholic, 10.5% Greek Catholic, 9.9% Reformed, 6.9% Jewish, 3.5% Lutheran, 1.0% Unitarian, as well as other minorities.[9]



References[edit]









  1. ^ "POPULAŢIA REŞEDINŢĂ DE JUDEŢ DIN TOTAL POPULAŢIE JUDET" (PDF). Brasov.insse.ro. Retrieved 8 October 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.


  3. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie" Archived August 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine


  4. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002" Archived September 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine


  5. ^ "Mărirea şi declinul industriei în Hunedoara. Ce soartă au avut după 1990 cele mai mari întreprinderi din judeţ". Adevural.ro. Retrieved 8 October 2017.


  6. ^ "Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori" (in Romanian). Biroul Electoral Central. 10 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.


  7. ^ "Rezultate definitive ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi al Locuinţelor – 2011" (PDF). Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 8 October 2017.


  8. ^ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Hunedoara


  9. ^ ab Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 633-639




External links[edit]


  • All about the Water Cave at Cioclovina











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