Dtyjlui

The relevant options you need:

# Filesystem

--write-annotations

--write-description

--write-info-json



# Thumbnail images

--write-all-thumbnails



# Video format

--format bestvideo+bestaudio/best

--merge-output-format mkv

--youtube-skip-dash-manifest



# Subtitle

--all-subs

--write-auto-sub

--write-sub



# Post-processing

--add-metadata

--embed-subs

Copy that to your config file (either /etc/youtube-dl.conf or ~/.config/youtube-dl/config).

Using that configuration, I downloaded this video and youtube-dl wrote the following files:

$ ls

The Problem with Time & Timezones - Computerphile.annotations.xml

The Problem with Time & Timezones - Computerphile.description

The Problem with Time & Timezones - Computerphile.info.json

The Problem with Time & Timezones - Computerphile.jpg

The Problem with Time & Timezones - Computerphile.mkv

I can't post mediainfo's output here because it exceeds the characters limit, but you can see it in github.

I also want to download the video/audio in the highest quality possible, with no quality loss.

youtube-dl downloads videos at the highest quality possible by default, but you can force this behavior using --format bestvideo+bestaudio/best.

Even though it's not YouTube, I did also want to download some of my udemy courses I've bought so I can watch them while I'm on a long road trip.

Please read the article Can I Download a Course to my Computer?:

By default, complete courses are not downloadable from a computer. We do this out of concerns for piracy.

Please note that you can always save courses for offline viewing on the Udemy mobile app. For information on how to download video lectures to your iOS mobile device, please click here. For steps on how to download videos for offline viewing on an Android device, click here.

I have ffmpeg installed, and I heard that you need this for lossless downloads from YouTube, but I'm not sure how to link it with youtube-dl.

youtube-dl uses avconv by default, but --prefer-ffmpeg let you use ffmpeg instead. Anyway, this option is not needed for "lossless downloads". In the example I provided, youtube-dl only used ffmpeg to merge all the downloaded formats into a single mkv file.

To simply download the video, you can use this:

youtube-dl --all-subs "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYBok-XGsKM"

To select the video quality, you should first use the -F option to list the available formats.

youtube-dl -F "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYBok-XGsKM"

And this is the output for your video:

[youtube] KYBok-XGsKM: Downloading webpage

[youtube] KYBok-XGsKM: Downloading video info webpage

[youtube] KYBok-XGsKM: Extracting video information

WARNING: unable to extract uploader nickname

[info] Available formats for KYBok-XGsKM:

format code  extension  resolution note

249          webm       audio only DASH audio   52k , opus @ 50k,  4.19MiB

250          webm       audio only DASH audio   75k , opus @ 70k, 5.42MiB

140          m4a        audio only DASH audio  129k , m4a_dash container, mp4a.40.2@128k, 10.59MiB

171          webm       audio only DASH audio  131k , vorbis@128k, 7.66MiB

251          webm       audio only DASH audio  135k , opus @160k, 9.58MiB

278          webm       256x144    144p   98k , webm container, vp9, 30fps, video only, 6.59MiB

160          mp4        256x144    144p  114k , avc1.4d400c, 15fps, video only, 9.04MiB

242          webm       426x240    240p  205k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 11.47MiB

133          mp4        426x240    240p  265k , avc1.4d4015, 30fps, video only, 20.11MiB

243          webm       640x360    360p  362k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 21.93MiB

134          mp4        640x360    360p  602k , avc1.4d401e, 30fps, video only, 20.42MiB

244          webm       854x480    480p  662k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 37.82MiB

135          mp4        854x480    480p 1020k , avc1.4d401f, 30fps, video only, 42.62MiB

247          webm       1280x720   720p 1353k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 81.53MiB

136          mp4        1280x720   720p 2013k , avc1.4d401f, 30fps, video only, 84.69MiB

137          mp4        1920x1080  1080p 2438k , avc1.640028, 30fps, video only, 157.71MiB

248          webm       1920x1080  1080p 2593k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 162.48MiB

264          mp4        2560x1440  1440p 6973k , avc1.640032, 30fps, video only, 459.58MiB

271          webm       2560x1440  1440p 7523k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 485.66MiB

313          webm       3840x2160  2160p 19991k , vp9, 30fps, video only, 1.34GiB

36           3gp        320x?      small , mp4v.20.3,  mp4a.40.2

17           3gp        176x144    small , mp4v.20.3,  mp4a.40.2@ 24k

43           webm       640x360    medium , vp8.0,  vorbis@128k

18           mp4        640x360    medium , avc1.42001E,  mp4a.40.2@ 96k

22           mp4        1280x720   hd720 , avc1.64001F,  mp4a.40.2@192k (best)

Here are some useful options for subtitles:

   --write-sub

          Write subtitle file



   --write-auto-sub

          Write automatically generated subtitle file (YouTube only)



   --all-subs

          Download all the available subtitles of the video



   --list-subs

          List all available subtitles for the video

And for thumbnails:

   --write-thumbnail

          Write thumbnail image to disk



   --write-all-thumbnails

          Write all thumbnail image formats to disk



   --list-thumbnails

          Simulate and list all available thumbnail formats

You can also find more information about the quality of video here

@leetbacoon see comment response at very bottom. (low rep still sry)

Note: I will be using the longer switch names to avoid confusion. Many of the switches used have shorter versions. See Docs: Options.

Note:
- for visual convenience is used to display switches separately; all can be omitted; if using make sure there is no space character after .

Synopsis:
A ytdl command to download a single video file of highest available video and audio quality. Saves the video into its own directory (specified by you). Downloads all available metadata, writes each to respective file formats and saves in same directory.
Adds video metadata to video output file.

Substitute with your own:

• replace /archive/videos/TED_Archive/ in the switches --download-archive and --output with a directory path of your choice.


• example storage path /archive/videos


• example video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bFs6ZiynSU


• example channel directory /TED_Archive

====

youtube-dl 

--limit-rate '0.25M' 

--retries '3' 

--no-overwrites 

--call-home 

--write-info-json 

--write-description 

--write-thumbnail 

--all-subs 

--convert-subs 'srt' 

--write-annotations 

--add-metadata 

--embed-subs 

--download-archive '/archive/videos/TED_Archive/TED_Archive.ytdlarchive' 

--format 'bestvideo+bestaudio/best' 

--merge-output-format 'mkv' 

--output '/archive/videos/TED_Archive/%(upload_date)s_%(id)s/TED_Archive_%(upload_date)s_%(id)s_%(title)s.%(ext)s' 

'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bFs6ZiynSU' ;

Note: Enclose all arguments with ' ' for parsing safety.


Explanation of recommended switches:

• --limit-rate '0.25M' is used to limit the available maximum download speed of every youtube-dl instance in B/s (bytes per second).
  
  Arguments: any positive integer with a capitalized unit suffix.
  
  Unit Suffixes: K for Kilobyte; M for Megabyte; Unclear if Gigabyte is supported.
  
  Addition:
  
  1. avoid internet connection blockage.
  
  2. helpful when managing download speeds of multiple concurrent ytdl instances.
  
  Ommission:
  
  1. clogs up internet; unable to browse, lagging youtube video play.
  
  2. will download video as fast as possible.
  
  Note: You can run multiple youtube-dl instances concurrently.




• --retries '5' is used to auto-retry the download of a video if it fails. Useful when downloading a playlist or an entire channel (which is, in Youtube terms, also a playlist (of that specific channel)).
  
  Values: Choose any positive integer. Default is 10. Max is infinite (enter as literal string).




• --continue
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Addition:
  
  1. will force resume downalod of partial files
  
  Note: ytdl downloads videos in chunks; chunks are preserved if ytdl unexpectedly terminates during download.
  
  Ommission:
  
  1. By default ytdl will resume downloads, if possible.



• 
  

  --no-overwrites
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Addition: will not overwrite existing metadata files with same names.
  
  Ommission: will overwrite existing metadata files with same names, but not the video file.

  
  
  
  
  
  • 
    --call-home used to contact the ytdl server for debugging.
    
    

    
    

    "If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding --call-home may be a good idea to get more diagnostics." – Docs: Bugs, retrieved 20180408,

    
    

    
    
  
  
  
  



• --write-info-json
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Output Format: json;
  
  Information Content: view count, likes, upload date, video and audio quality information, etc. (but not video text description (posted below video by uploader (2018 youtube layout)))
  
  Addition: writes video metadata into a separate .info.json file. Saved in same folder as video file.
  
  Ommission: does not affect --add-metadata which will still write video metadata to the video output file.




• --write-description
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Output Format: plain text;
  
  Addition: writes text posted by video uploader in the description section of a video (below the video (2018 youtube layout)) into a separate Write .description file. Saved in same folder as video file.




• --write-thumbnail writes highest resolution thumbnail available (called maxresdefault.jpg by youtube) to .jpg file. Renamed according to template specified with --output. Saved in same directory as video file.
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Output Format: only JPEG;
  
  Note: Use youtube-dl --list-thumbnails '<video_url>' to investigate available thumbnails of a specific video (does not work on playlist links); Ex.: youtube-dl --list-thumbnails 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odwfHu6MDuU'




• --write-annotations writes video annotations to .annotations.xml file. Renamed according to template specified with --output. Saved in same directory as video file.
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Output Format: .xml;




• --all-subs writes all custom created available subtitles for a video to their respective files (ex.: subtitles.en.vtt, subtitles.fr.vtt, subtitles.es.vtt)
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Output Format: Default .vtt; can specify other formats with --sub-format
  
  Error Messages: If there are no subtitles available a WARNING message will be printed to stdout - format: WARNING: video doesn't have subtitles

Useful Command:

Note: Use youtube-dl --list-subs '<video_url>' to investigate available thumbnails of a specific video (does not work on playlist links);

Ex.: youtube-dl --list-subs 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odwfHu6MDuU'

• --convert-subs 'srt'
  
  Arguments: String : format extension ass, srt or best
  
  Output Format: Default .vtt; or according to specification
  
  Addition: writes subtitles to specified file format (ex.: .srt). Saved in same folder as video file.
  
  Ommission: subtitles will be written as .vtt
  
  Error Messages: If there are no subtitles available an INFO message will be printed to stdout - format: [ffmpeg] There aren't any subtitles to convert
  
  Note: conversion will be executed as a post-processing step on the .vtt file after download. If ytdl execution is terminated unexpectedly some subtitle files might not be converted (in this case execute command again).




• --add-metadata
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Behavior: writes metadata to video output file.
  
  Note: does not require a .info.json generated by --write-info-json




• --embed-subs
  
  Arguments: none
  
  Behavior:
  
  1. writes subtitles to video output file;
  
  2. only for mp4, webm and mkv videos
  
  Error Messages: If there are no subtitles available a INFO message will be printed to stdout - format: [ffmpeg] There aren't any subtitles to embed
  
  Note: does not require a .vtt generated by --write-sub,
  --write-auto-sub or --all-sub




• --download-archive '<archive_path>/<channel_name>/<channel_name>.ytdlarchive'
  
  Behavior: is used to create a text file containing links of previously downloaded videos. Allows skipping these videos when downloading an entire channel. Not necessary when downloading single videos only.
  
  Arguments: String : composite of the path to your video archive, directory named after channel. File name consists of channel name with .ytdlarchive file extension. (could also be .txt; but unique format allows for easy differentiation)
  
  Output Format: plain text; one videoID per line
  
  Addition:
  
  1. ytdl reads this file, ignores and skips all videos listed with their videoID in it, even if no downloaded yet.
  
  2. automatically adds the videoID of the last downloaded video to this file
  
  Ommission: if video file and metadata files exist ytdl will download them again.




• --format ''
  
  Arguments: Recommended String : bestvideo+bestaudio/best to ensure highest video and audio quality combination.
  
  Addition: full control over video quality and audio quality and their combinations, as well as fallback qualities
  
  Ommission: Default youtube-dl will guess it for you by default – Docs
  
  Note: See Docs: Format Selection Examples




• --merge-output-format '<video_format>'
  
  Arguments: video file format. (ex.: mp4, mkv, 3gp, etc.)
  
  Addition: can specify video file format
  
  Ommission: Default youtube-dl will guess it for you by default – Docs
  
  Note: See Docs: Format Selection

Useful Command:

Note: Use youtube-dl --list-formats '<video_url>' to investigate available video and audio qualities and formats of a specific video (does not work on playlist links);

Ex.: youtube-dl --list-formats 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odwfHu6MDuU'

• --output '<template>'
  
  Arguments:
  
  1. video file format. (ex.: mp4, mkv, 3gp, etc.);
  
  2. Recommended: %(upload_date)s_%(id)s_%(title)s.%(ext)s
  
  Addition: influences file naming convention for video files and all metadata files
  
  Ommission: By default the video title will be the file name. Default template: %(id)s.%(ext)s will output ex.: testvideo.mkv
  
  Note: Do not forget the % prefix and s suffix (other suffices exist too.); Thee _ between template elements is just a separator and can be any other char. ex.: %(upload_date)s-%(id)s
  
  Note: See Docs: Output Template




• '<video_url>'
  
  Arguments: String : url to specific video
  
  Error Message:
  
  1. If no video url submitted ytdl will not execute and display help.
  
  2. If invalid video url submitted ERROR message will be printed to stdout - format: ERROR: u'' is not a valid URL. Set --default-search "ytsearch" (or run youtube-dl "ytsearch:" ) to search YouTube


Storage Recommendations:

1. make a misc directory in your video archive and store all single videos in there.




2. when you download one or more videos from a channel make a dedicated directory for that channel. In this case, the channel name is TED Archive and the directory name will be TED_Archive. (I preemptively substitute all space characters with underscores for easier directory navigation and file I/O actions when using bash (or python) scripts).

Responding to your comment @leetbacoon

And just wondering, why is a 1080p copy considered the best if 1440p is available? And why is 2160p displayed? That option doesn't appear on my end (it caps at 1440p) – leetbacoon

From the Docs

You can also use a file extension (currently 3gp, aac, flv, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file

best: Select the best quality format represented by a single file with video and audio.

bestvideo: Select the best quality video-only format

I think when you select just best and you specify an output format youtube sends the format it thinks is the best video+audio combo for that format. This might be subject to some youtube internal balancing decisions (speculation).

In my usage experience, I have had to specifically specify bestvideo+bestaudio to get the HIGHEST quality available of video and audio respectively and then combine them in a .mkv container.

I use /best as a fallback argument just to be sure.