Geometric quantization: not understanding the curvature form and Weil's theorem












3














I am reading a bit about geometric quantization. The texts that I am following are N.M.J. Woodhouse's "Geometric Quantization" and an article from arXiv. I am having troubles understanding the prequantization step.



First, everybody cites 1958 Weil's theorem about the existence of Hermitian line bundles with prescribed curvature, but nobody provides its exact statement. Could anyone help me with it? In particular, do I prescribe just the curvature form, or a connection and its associated curvature form?



Second, one tries to produce Hermitian line bundles $L$ over a symplectic manifold $(M, omega)$ having $omega$ as the curvature form $R$ of $L$. I'm lost: how can we relate these two forms? $R$ takes values in $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$, which $omega$ doesn't, so how can I identify them? Had $L$ been trivial, it would have been elementary, but how to do it in general? Or is this an abuse of terminology?










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  • 1




    $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 17:57












  • @MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:08










  • @MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:18












  • I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:44










  • I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:49
















3














I am reading a bit about geometric quantization. The texts that I am following are N.M.J. Woodhouse's "Geometric Quantization" and an article from arXiv. I am having troubles understanding the prequantization step.



First, everybody cites 1958 Weil's theorem about the existence of Hermitian line bundles with prescribed curvature, but nobody provides its exact statement. Could anyone help me with it? In particular, do I prescribe just the curvature form, or a connection and its associated curvature form?



Second, one tries to produce Hermitian line bundles $L$ over a symplectic manifold $(M, omega)$ having $omega$ as the curvature form $R$ of $L$. I'm lost: how can we relate these two forms? $R$ takes values in $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$, which $omega$ doesn't, so how can I identify them? Had $L$ been trivial, it would have been elementary, but how to do it in general? Or is this an abuse of terminology?










share|cite|improve this question


















  • 1




    $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 17:57












  • @MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:08










  • @MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:18












  • I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:44










  • I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:49














3












3








3


1





I am reading a bit about geometric quantization. The texts that I am following are N.M.J. Woodhouse's "Geometric Quantization" and an article from arXiv. I am having troubles understanding the prequantization step.



First, everybody cites 1958 Weil's theorem about the existence of Hermitian line bundles with prescribed curvature, but nobody provides its exact statement. Could anyone help me with it? In particular, do I prescribe just the curvature form, or a connection and its associated curvature form?



Second, one tries to produce Hermitian line bundles $L$ over a symplectic manifold $(M, omega)$ having $omega$ as the curvature form $R$ of $L$. I'm lost: how can we relate these two forms? $R$ takes values in $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$, which $omega$ doesn't, so how can I identify them? Had $L$ been trivial, it would have been elementary, but how to do it in general? Or is this an abuse of terminology?










share|cite|improve this question













I am reading a bit about geometric quantization. The texts that I am following are N.M.J. Woodhouse's "Geometric Quantization" and an article from arXiv. I am having troubles understanding the prequantization step.



First, everybody cites 1958 Weil's theorem about the existence of Hermitian line bundles with prescribed curvature, but nobody provides its exact statement. Could anyone help me with it? In particular, do I prescribe just the curvature form, or a connection and its associated curvature form?



Second, one tries to produce Hermitian line bundles $L$ over a symplectic manifold $(M, omega)$ having $omega$ as the curvature form $R$ of $L$. I'm lost: how can we relate these two forms? $R$ takes values in $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$, which $omega$ doesn't, so how can I identify them? Had $L$ been trivial, it would have been elementary, but how to do it in general? Or is this an abuse of terminology?







differential-geometry vector-bundles curvature quantum-mechanics symplectic-geometry






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asked Apr 13 '16 at 17:54









Alex M.

28k103058




28k103058








  • 1




    $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 17:57












  • @MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:08










  • @MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:18












  • I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:44










  • I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:49














  • 1




    $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 17:57












  • @MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:08










  • @MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
    – Alex M.
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:18












  • I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:44










  • I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
    – Mike Miller
    Apr 13 '16 at 18:49








1




1




$text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 17:57






$text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is canonically isomorphic to $L otimes_{Bbb C} L^*$, which is canonically isomorphic to the trivial line bundle by the evaluation map. For higher rank bundles, the endomorphism bundle might be topologically interesting.
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 17:57














@MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
– Alex M.
Apr 13 '16 at 18:08




@MikeMiller: This is unexpected for me: do I understand correctly that $operatorname{End} _{Bbb C} (L)$ is trivial, even though $L$ might not be so?
– Alex M.
Apr 13 '16 at 18:08












@MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
– Alex M.
Apr 13 '16 at 18:18






@MikeMiller: Yes, $text{End}_{Bbb C}(L)$ is indeed trivial since $x mapsto operatorname{id}_x$ is a global section, nowhere zero. Ridiculous. Could you also help me with a pointer to an exact formulation of Weil's theorem? The internet was silent on this (or maybe I didn't know what terms to search for).
– Alex M.
Apr 13 '16 at 18:18














I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 18:44




I'm not really aware of Weil's theorem, so I might run into the same troubles you are.
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 18:44












I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 18:49




I could write down a proof that if $L$ is a line bundle and $R in Omega^2$ a closed form with $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then there's a connection on $L$ with $R$ as its curvature form - would that help?
– Mike Miller
Apr 13 '16 at 18:49










1 Answer
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First, $text{End}(L)$ is trivial by the canonical isomorphisms $L otimes L^* to text{End}(L)$ and $L otimes L^* to Bbb C$. So we may canonically identify $Omega^2(text{End}(L)) cong Omega^2$ (where here I'm using complex-valued forms).



Then based on looking at your first reference, it seems to me the desired theorem is the following.




Let $L$ be a complex line bundle over some smooth manifold $M$, and $R in Omega^2(M) otimes Bbb C$. Then if $R$ is closed and satisfies $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then $R$ is the curvature form of some connection on $L$.




You could make everything here Hermitian but I'm not going to bother.



1) First, note that if $A$ is a connection on $L$, the induced connection on $text{End}(L) cong Bbb C$ is the trivial connection.



2) The Bianchi identity is that $d_A F(A) = 0$ if $F(A)$ is the curvature of $A$. By 1), this says that $F(A)$ is closed.



3) You may as well define $c_1(L)$ to be the homology class of the curvature of any connection on $L$. This is well-defined because of the formula $F(A+a) = F(A) + d_Aa + a wedge a$; in the case of line bundles this simply degenerates to $F(A+a) = F(A) + da$. Weil proved that the set of possible $c_1(L)$ is precisely $2pi H^2(M;Bbb Z) subset H^2_{dR}(M)$, one for each line bundle (modulo torsion classes; these correspond to flat complex line bundles).



4) Now to write down a proof of the theorem. Let $R$ be your desired curvature form, and $F(A)$ the curvature of some random connection. We want to solve $R = F(A+a) = F(A)+da$. This simplifies to $R-F(A) = da$; since we assumed $[R]=[F(A)]$ in cohomology, this is solvable, as desired.






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    First, $text{End}(L)$ is trivial by the canonical isomorphisms $L otimes L^* to text{End}(L)$ and $L otimes L^* to Bbb C$. So we may canonically identify $Omega^2(text{End}(L)) cong Omega^2$ (where here I'm using complex-valued forms).



    Then based on looking at your first reference, it seems to me the desired theorem is the following.




    Let $L$ be a complex line bundle over some smooth manifold $M$, and $R in Omega^2(M) otimes Bbb C$. Then if $R$ is closed and satisfies $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then $R$ is the curvature form of some connection on $L$.




    You could make everything here Hermitian but I'm not going to bother.



    1) First, note that if $A$ is a connection on $L$, the induced connection on $text{End}(L) cong Bbb C$ is the trivial connection.



    2) The Bianchi identity is that $d_A F(A) = 0$ if $F(A)$ is the curvature of $A$. By 1), this says that $F(A)$ is closed.



    3) You may as well define $c_1(L)$ to be the homology class of the curvature of any connection on $L$. This is well-defined because of the formula $F(A+a) = F(A) + d_Aa + a wedge a$; in the case of line bundles this simply degenerates to $F(A+a) = F(A) + da$. Weil proved that the set of possible $c_1(L)$ is precisely $2pi H^2(M;Bbb Z) subset H^2_{dR}(M)$, one for each line bundle (modulo torsion classes; these correspond to flat complex line bundles).



    4) Now to write down a proof of the theorem. Let $R$ be your desired curvature form, and $F(A)$ the curvature of some random connection. We want to solve $R = F(A+a) = F(A)+da$. This simplifies to $R-F(A) = da$; since we assumed $[R]=[F(A)]$ in cohomology, this is solvable, as desired.






    share|cite|improve this answer




























      4














      First, $text{End}(L)$ is trivial by the canonical isomorphisms $L otimes L^* to text{End}(L)$ and $L otimes L^* to Bbb C$. So we may canonically identify $Omega^2(text{End}(L)) cong Omega^2$ (where here I'm using complex-valued forms).



      Then based on looking at your first reference, it seems to me the desired theorem is the following.




      Let $L$ be a complex line bundle over some smooth manifold $M$, and $R in Omega^2(M) otimes Bbb C$. Then if $R$ is closed and satisfies $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then $R$ is the curvature form of some connection on $L$.




      You could make everything here Hermitian but I'm not going to bother.



      1) First, note that if $A$ is a connection on $L$, the induced connection on $text{End}(L) cong Bbb C$ is the trivial connection.



      2) The Bianchi identity is that $d_A F(A) = 0$ if $F(A)$ is the curvature of $A$. By 1), this says that $F(A)$ is closed.



      3) You may as well define $c_1(L)$ to be the homology class of the curvature of any connection on $L$. This is well-defined because of the formula $F(A+a) = F(A) + d_Aa + a wedge a$; in the case of line bundles this simply degenerates to $F(A+a) = F(A) + da$. Weil proved that the set of possible $c_1(L)$ is precisely $2pi H^2(M;Bbb Z) subset H^2_{dR}(M)$, one for each line bundle (modulo torsion classes; these correspond to flat complex line bundles).



      4) Now to write down a proof of the theorem. Let $R$ be your desired curvature form, and $F(A)$ the curvature of some random connection. We want to solve $R = F(A+a) = F(A)+da$. This simplifies to $R-F(A) = da$; since we assumed $[R]=[F(A)]$ in cohomology, this is solvable, as desired.






      share|cite|improve this answer


























        4












        4








        4






        First, $text{End}(L)$ is trivial by the canonical isomorphisms $L otimes L^* to text{End}(L)$ and $L otimes L^* to Bbb C$. So we may canonically identify $Omega^2(text{End}(L)) cong Omega^2$ (where here I'm using complex-valued forms).



        Then based on looking at your first reference, it seems to me the desired theorem is the following.




        Let $L$ be a complex line bundle over some smooth manifold $M$, and $R in Omega^2(M) otimes Bbb C$. Then if $R$ is closed and satisfies $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then $R$ is the curvature form of some connection on $L$.




        You could make everything here Hermitian but I'm not going to bother.



        1) First, note that if $A$ is a connection on $L$, the induced connection on $text{End}(L) cong Bbb C$ is the trivial connection.



        2) The Bianchi identity is that $d_A F(A) = 0$ if $F(A)$ is the curvature of $A$. By 1), this says that $F(A)$ is closed.



        3) You may as well define $c_1(L)$ to be the homology class of the curvature of any connection on $L$. This is well-defined because of the formula $F(A+a) = F(A) + d_Aa + a wedge a$; in the case of line bundles this simply degenerates to $F(A+a) = F(A) + da$. Weil proved that the set of possible $c_1(L)$ is precisely $2pi H^2(M;Bbb Z) subset H^2_{dR}(M)$, one for each line bundle (modulo torsion classes; these correspond to flat complex line bundles).



        4) Now to write down a proof of the theorem. Let $R$ be your desired curvature form, and $F(A)$ the curvature of some random connection. We want to solve $R = F(A+a) = F(A)+da$. This simplifies to $R-F(A) = da$; since we assumed $[R]=[F(A)]$ in cohomology, this is solvable, as desired.






        share|cite|improve this answer














        First, $text{End}(L)$ is trivial by the canonical isomorphisms $L otimes L^* to text{End}(L)$ and $L otimes L^* to Bbb C$. So we may canonically identify $Omega^2(text{End}(L)) cong Omega^2$ (where here I'm using complex-valued forms).



        Then based on looking at your first reference, it seems to me the desired theorem is the following.




        Let $L$ be a complex line bundle over some smooth manifold $M$, and $R in Omega^2(M) otimes Bbb C$. Then if $R$ is closed and satisfies $[R] = c_1(L) in H^2_{dR}(M)$, then $R$ is the curvature form of some connection on $L$.




        You could make everything here Hermitian but I'm not going to bother.



        1) First, note that if $A$ is a connection on $L$, the induced connection on $text{End}(L) cong Bbb C$ is the trivial connection.



        2) The Bianchi identity is that $d_A F(A) = 0$ if $F(A)$ is the curvature of $A$. By 1), this says that $F(A)$ is closed.



        3) You may as well define $c_1(L)$ to be the homology class of the curvature of any connection on $L$. This is well-defined because of the formula $F(A+a) = F(A) + d_Aa + a wedge a$; in the case of line bundles this simply degenerates to $F(A+a) = F(A) + da$. Weil proved that the set of possible $c_1(L)$ is precisely $2pi H^2(M;Bbb Z) subset H^2_{dR}(M)$, one for each line bundle (modulo torsion classes; these correspond to flat complex line bundles).



        4) Now to write down a proof of the theorem. Let $R$ be your desired curvature form, and $F(A)$ the curvature of some random connection. We want to solve $R = F(A+a) = F(A)+da$. This simplifies to $R-F(A) = da$; since we assumed $[R]=[F(A)]$ in cohomology, this is solvable, as desired.







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        edited Dec 27 '18 at 17:16

























        answered Apr 13 '16 at 19:39









        Mike Miller

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