$y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, if $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded,does $x in l_{p^*}$? [closed]
$begingroup$
Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.
Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.
With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?
sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces
$endgroup$
closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.
Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.
With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?
sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces
$endgroup$
closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
1
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.
Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.
With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?
sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces
$endgroup$
Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.
Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.
With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?
sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces
sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces
edited Jan 5 at 12:57
Bernard
120k740115
120k740115
asked Jan 5 at 12:56
Maggie94Maggie94
746
746
closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
- "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL
If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
1
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11
add a comment |
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
1
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
1
1
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$ by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$ We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$ Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$ we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$ Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$ Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$
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$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
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– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
|
show 4 more comments
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$ by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$ We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$ Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$ we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$ Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$ Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$ by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$ We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$ Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$ we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$ Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$ Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$ by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$ We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$ Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$ we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$ Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$ Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$
$endgroup$
Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$ by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$ We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$ Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$ we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$ Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$ Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$
edited Jan 5 at 15:30
answered Jan 5 at 13:31
SongSong
11.9k628
11.9k628
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03
1
$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11