$y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, if $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded,does $x in l_{p^*}$? [closed]












-1












$begingroup$


Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.



Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.



With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$



closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
















  • $begingroup$
    so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
    $endgroup$
    – Pink Panther
    Jan 5 at 13:03








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @PinkPanther Yes!
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:11
















-1












$begingroup$


Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.



Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.



With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$



closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
















  • $begingroup$
    so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
    $endgroup$
    – Pink Panther
    Jan 5 at 13:03








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @PinkPanther Yes!
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:11














-1












-1








-1





$begingroup$


Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.



Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.



With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




Given $y in mathbb{K^N}$ a scalar sequence, and $1<p<infty$.



Suppose that, $forall x in l_p$, the series $sum_{n geq 1} x(n)y(n)$ is bounded. Show that $x in l_{p^*}$.



With $l_{p^*}$ I mean the dual of $l_p$, if I am not wrong, we have $(l_p)^*=l_{p^*}$.
Any suggestion? I'm not really keen in dual... what should I demonstrate?







sequences-and-series functional-analysis lp-spaces dual-spaces






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share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 5 at 12:57









Bernard

120k740115




120k740115










asked Jan 5 at 12:56









Maggie94Maggie94

746




746




closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.







closed as off-topic by user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL Jan 16 at 17:13


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – user21820, Lord_Farin, Adrian Keister, José Carlos Santos, RRL

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.












  • $begingroup$
    so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
    $endgroup$
    – Pink Panther
    Jan 5 at 13:03








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @PinkPanther Yes!
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:11


















  • $begingroup$
    so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
    $endgroup$
    – Pink Panther
    Jan 5 at 13:03








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @PinkPanther Yes!
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:11
















$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03






$begingroup$
so you mean $p^*=frac{p}{1-p}$? In that case, you are right, $l_p^*=l_{p^*}$ and you want to show that $yin l_{p^*}$ right?
$endgroup$
– Pink Panther
Jan 5 at 13:03






1




1




$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11




$begingroup$
@PinkPanther Yes!
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:11










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$
by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$
We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$
Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$
we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$
Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$
Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    What do you mean by $z’$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:24










  • $begingroup$
    I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:29










  • $begingroup$
    Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:32












  • $begingroup$
    Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:34












  • $begingroup$
    What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 6 at 17:05




















1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









2












$begingroup$

Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$
by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$
We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$
Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$
we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$
Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$
Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    What do you mean by $z’$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:24










  • $begingroup$
    I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:29










  • $begingroup$
    Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:32












  • $begingroup$
    Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:34












  • $begingroup$
    What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 6 at 17:05


















2












$begingroup$

Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$
by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$
We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$
Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$
we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$
Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$
Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    What do you mean by $z’$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:24










  • $begingroup$
    I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:29










  • $begingroup$
    Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:32












  • $begingroup$
    Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:34












  • $begingroup$
    What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 6 at 17:05
















2












2








2





$begingroup$

Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$
by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$
We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$
Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$
we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$
Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$
Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



Note that can strenghthen the assumption to
$$
sum_{n =1}^infty |x(n)||y(n)| <infty, quadforall xin l^p.
$$
by considering $widehat{x}(n) = |x(n)|e^{-itheta_n}$ where $y(n) = |y(n)|e^{itheta_n}$. Define $$
F_k ={xin l^p;|; sum_n |x(n)||y(n)|le k}.$$
We can show by Fatou's lemma(or directly) that $F_k$ is closed in $l^p$ for all $k$. Now, since $l^p = cup_k F_k$, by Baire category theorem, there exists $k$, $zin l^p$ and $delta>0$ such that
$$
z'in l^p,;|z-z'|_pleq delta Rightarrow z'in F_k.
$$
Let $xin l^p$ be $|x|_ple 1$. Then from
$$
sum_n |z(n)+delta x(n)||y(n)|le k,
$$
we have
$$
deltasum_n |x(n)||y(n)| leq sum_n |z(n)||y(n)|+k le 2k.
$$
Now, if we take $x(n) = frac{|y(n)|^{p^*-1}}{(sum_{n=1}^N |y(n)|^{p^*})^{1/p}}1_{nleq N}$ , then $|x|_ple 1$ and it follows that
$$
left(sum_{nle N}|y(n)|^{p^*}right)^{1-1/p} = sum_{nle N}|x(n)||y(n)| le sum_{n}|x(n)||y(n)| lefrac{2k}{delta}.
$$
Take $Ntoinfty$ to get
$$
|y|_{p^*}le frac{2k}{delta}<infty.
$$







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Jan 5 at 15:30

























answered Jan 5 at 13:31









SongSong

11.9k628




11.9k628












  • $begingroup$
    What do you mean by $z’$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:24










  • $begingroup$
    I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:29










  • $begingroup$
    Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:32












  • $begingroup$
    Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:34












  • $begingroup$
    What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 6 at 17:05




















  • $begingroup$
    What do you mean by $z’$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:24










  • $begingroup$
    I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:29










  • $begingroup$
    Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 5 at 15:32












  • $begingroup$
    Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
    $endgroup$
    – Song
    Jan 5 at 15:34












  • $begingroup$
    What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
    $endgroup$
    – Maggie94
    Jan 6 at 17:05


















$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24




$begingroup$
What do you mean by $z’$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:24












$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29




$begingroup$
I used $z'$ as another generic element of $l^p$.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:29












$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32






$begingroup$
Ok thank you... and I don’t unterstand the final part... we get that $Vert yVert_{p^*} leq infty$, why this implies that $x in l_{p^*}$?
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 5 at 15:32














$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34






$begingroup$
Your question is stated misleadingly. Please check that. Either $forall xin l^p$ or $xin l^{p^*}$ should be fixed.
$endgroup$
– Song
Jan 5 at 15:34














$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05






$begingroup$
What don’t you understand? $x in l_p$ is fixed, so $forall x in l_p$ I want to show that $x in l_{p^*}$, i think the question is well written. What I don’t understand in the final part of your answer is how can I say that $x in l_{p*}$ because you get $Vert y Vert _{p^*} < infty$
$endgroup$
– Maggie94
Jan 6 at 17:05





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