混酸




混酸 (こんさん、英: mixed acid) とは、濃硫酸と濃硝酸を3:1の体積比で混合した液体。芳香族化合物のニトロ化に用いられる。硫酸と硝酸以外の組合せでも混酸と呼ぶが、一義的には硝酸と硫酸の混合物を指す。



ニトロ化の反応機構


混酸中では、硝酸1分子と硫酸2分子から1分子のニトロニウムイオンNO2+が生じる。


HNO3 + 2H2SO4 → NO2+ + 2HSO4- + H3O+

生じたニトロニウムイオンは非常に強力な求電子剤であり、芳香族化合物と反応してニトロ化合物を生じる。



関連項目



  • 王水

  • 硫酸

  • 硝酸

  • ニトロ化

  • キリンス処理








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