Heweliusz (satellite)

Heweliusz
	; A replica of Heweliusz;
Mission type	Astronomy
Operator	Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika PAN
COSPAR ID	2014-049B
SATCAT no.;	40119;
	;
Spacecraft properties
Bus	GNB
Manufacturer	Space Research Centre
Launch mass	7 kilograms (15 lb)
	;
Start of mission
Launch date	19 August 2014, 03:15 (2014-08-19UTC03:15Z) UTC
Rocket	Chang Zheng 4B
Launch site	; Taiyuan 9;
Contractor	; China Great Wall Industry Corporation[citation needed];
	;
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
	;

Heweliusz is the second^[1] Polish scientific satellite launched in 2014 as part of the Bright-star Target Explorer (BRITE) programme. The spacecraft was launched aboard a Chang Zheng 4B rocket in August 2014. Heweliusz is an optical astronomy spacecraft built by the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences and operated by Centrum Astronomiczne im. Mikołaja Kopernika PAN; it is one of two Polish contributions to the BRITE constellation along with the Lem satellite. It is named after Johannes Hevelius.

Features[edit]

Heweliusz is the third^[2] Polish satellite (after PW-Sat and Lem) ever launched. Along with Lem, TUGSAT-1, UniBRITE-1 and BRITE-Toronto, it is one from a constellation of six nanosatellites of the BRIght-star Target Explorer project, operated by a consortium of universities from Canada, Austria and Poland.^[3]

Heweliusz was developed and manufactured by the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences between 2010 and 2012, based around the Generic Nanosatellite Bus, and had a mass at launch of 7 kilograms (15 lb).^[4] The satellite is used, along with four other operating spacecraft,^[a], to conduct photometric observations of stars with an apparent magnitude of greater than 4.0 as seen from Earth.^[6] Heweliusz was one of two Polish BRITE satellites launched, along with the Lem spacecraft. Four more satellites—two Austrian and two Canadian—were launched at different dates.

Heweliusz observes the stars in the red color range whereas Lem does it in blue. Due to the multicolour option, geometrical and thermal effects in the analysis of the observed phenomena are separated. None of the much larger satellites, such as MOST and CoRoT, has this colour option; this is crucial in the diagnosis of the internal structure of stars.^[7] Heweliusz photometrically measures low-level oscillations and temperature variations in stars brighter than visual magnitude (4.0), with unprecedented precision and temporal coverage not achievable through terrestrial based methods.^[4]

Launch[edit]

The Heweliusz satellite was launched as a secondary payload on a Long March 4B rocket, whose primary payload was the Chinese Gaofen 2 earth-observation satellite. The launch was subcontracted to the China Great Wall Industry Corporation and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).^[8] The launch took place at 03:15 UTC on 19 August 2014 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, and the rocket deployed all of its payloads successfully.^[9]

Although the other satellites in the BRITE constellation used the Canadian XPOD nanosatellite deployer, Heweliusz uses an indigenous Polish system. The DRAGON nanosatellite deployer was designed specifically for this mission by the Space Research Centre, in collaboration with the SRC spinoff company Astronika. Development, manufacturing, testing, and integration of the system took only two months.^[10]

Explanatory notes[edit]

^ The sixth satellite, BRITE-Montreal, is possibly lost.^[5]

References[edit]

^ "Polish scientific satellite Hevelius will be launched on July 10". First Polish Political Satellite. PAP; naukawpolsce.pap.pl. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ "Live event – BRITE-PL 2 Heweliusz launch". kosmonauta.net. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

^ "Science". First Polish Political Satellite. Space Research Centre; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ ^a^b "PSLV-C20/SARAL Mission" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ Semeniuk, Ivan (3 July 2014). "Canadian astronomy satellite lost as another looks for rescue". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ "Science Goals". BRITE–Constellation. University of Vienna. 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ "Universität Wien startet ins All" [University of Vienna launches into space] (in German). University of Vienna. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ "(untitled)". First Polish Political Satellite. Space Research Centre; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.

^ Clark, Stephen (20 August 2014). "Chinese, Polish satellites launched by Long March". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

^ Dobrowolski, Marcin; et al. (May 14–16, 2014). "DRAGON - 8U Nanosatellite Orbital Deployer" (PDF). Proceedings of the 42nd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

[6] The sixth satellite, BRITE-Montreal, is possibly lost.^[5]

[1] "Polish scientific satellite Hevelius will be launched on July 10". First Polish Political Satellite. PAP; naukawpolsce.pap.pl. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[2] "Live event – BRITE-PL 2 Heweliusz launch". kosmonauta.net. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

[3] "Science". First Polish Political Satellite. Space Research Centre; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[isro-pk-4] "PSLV-C20/SARAL Mission" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[5] Semeniuk, Ivan (3 July 2014). "Canadian astronomy satellite lost as another looks for rescue". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[7] "Science Goals". BRITE–Constellation. University of Vienna. 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[8] "Universität Wien startet ins All" [University of Vienna launches into space] (in German). University of Vienna. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[9] "(untitled)". First Polish Political Satellite. Space Research Centre; Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.

[10] Clark, Stephen (20 August 2014). "Chinese, Polish satellites launched by Long March". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.

[dobrowolski2014-11] Dobrowolski, Marcin; et al. (May 14–16, 2014). "DRAGON - 8U Nanosatellite Orbital Deployer" (PDF). Proceedings of the 42nd Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

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January	GSAT-14 – Thaicom 6 – CRS Orb-1 (Flock-1 × 28 · ArduSat-2 · Lituanica SAT-1 · LitSat-1 · SkyCube · UAPSat-1) – TDRS-L
February	Progress M-22M – ABS-2 · Athena-Fidus – Türksat 4A – USA-248 – GPM Core · Ginrei · KSAT-2 · INVADER · OPUSAT · STARS-II · TeikyoSat-3 · ITF-1
March	Ekspress AT1 · Ekspress AT2 – Astra 5B · Amazonas 4A – Kosmos 2494 – Soyuz TMA-12M – Shijian XI-06
April	USA-249 – Sentinel-1A – IRNSS-1B – Progress M-23M – Ofek-10 – USA-250 – EgyptSat 2 – SpaceX CRS-3 · KickSat · PhoneSat 2.5 · ALL-STAR/THEIA · SporeSat · TestSat-Lite – Luch 5V · KazSat-3 – KazEOSat 1
May	Kosmos 2495 – Ekspress AM4R – USA-251 – USA-252 – Kosmos 2496 · Kosmos 2497 · Kosmos 2498 · Kosmos 2499 – ALOS-2 · Raijin-2 · UNIFORM-1 · SOCRATES · SPROUT – Eutelsat 3B – Soyuz TMA-13M
June	Kosmos 2500 – Deimos-2 · KazEOSat 2 · Hodoyoshi 3 · Hodoyoshi 4 · AprizeSat 9, 10 · BRITE-Montreal · BRITE-Toronto · BugSat 1 · SaudiSat-4 · TabletSat-Aurora · UniSat-6 (AeroCube-6 · ANTELSAT · Lemur-1 · Tigrisat) · DTUSat-2 · Duchifat-1 · NanoSatC-Br 1 · PACE · Perseus-M × 2 · PolyITAN-1 · POPSAT-HIP-1 · QB50P1 · QB50P2 · Flock-1c × 11 – SPOT 7 · CanX-4 · CanX-5 · AISat · VELOX-I
July	OCO-2 – Gonets-M No. 8, 9, 10 – Meteor-M 2 · AISSat-2 · DX-1 · Relek · SkySat-2 · TechDemoSat-1 · UKube-1 – O3b × 4 (FM3, FM6, FM7, FM8) – CRS Orb-2 (Flock-1b × 28 · TechEdSat-4) – Orbcomm-2 × 6 – Foton-M No.4 – Progress M-24M – USA-253 · USA-254 · USA-255 – Georges Lemaître ATV
August	USA-256 – AsiaSat 8 – Yaogan 20 A, B, C – WorldView-3 – Gaofen 2 · Heweliusz – Galileo FOC-1 · Galileo FOC-2
September	Chuangxin 1-04 · Lingqiao – AsiaSat 6 – Yaogan 21 · Tiantuo 2 – MEASAT 3b · Optus 10 – USA-257 – SpaceX CRS-4 – Soyuz TMA-14M – Olimp-K – Shijian XI-07
October	Himawari 8 – IRNSS-1C – Intelsat 30 · ARSAT-1 – Yaogan 22 – Ekspress AM6 – Chang'e 5-T1 · 4M – Shijian 11-08 – Cygnus CRS Orb-3 (Arkyd-3 · Flock-1d × 26 · GOMX-2 · RACE) – Progress M-25M – USA-258 – Meridian 7
November	Sasuke · Hodoyoshi 1 · Kinshachi 1 · Tsukushi · Tsubame – Yaogan 23 – Yaogan 24 – Kuaizhou 2 – Soyuz TMA-15M – Kosmos 2501
December	Hayabusa2 · PROCYON · Shinen 2 · DESPATCH – Orion EFT-1 – DirecTV-14 · GSAT-16 – CBERS-4 – Yaogan 25 A, B, C – USA-259 – Yamal-401 – O3b × 4 (FM9 to FM12) – Kondor-E No.2 – IPM – Kosmos 2502 – Resurs-P No.2 – Yaogan 26 – Astra 2G – Fengyun 2-08
Launches are separated by dashes ( – ), payloads by dots ( · ). Manned flights are bolded. Launch failures are in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in brackets).

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