Dtyjlui

I am somewhat acquainted with spectral sequences as in Weibel's book(the usual definition with many indices and pages), but I have found a different approach in the Stacks project.Link

Although I can sense that these are similar, I can't wrap my head around this new definition. Are they equivalent? Is one more general than the other?

I think these definitions are essentially equivalent. Weibel's definition is "obviously" a special case of SP's, the other direction is maybe a little less natural.

At first glance, Stacks Project's definition (basically) seems more general. Weibel's definition is probably the standard definition, and is equivalent to a special case in which SP's abelian category $mathcal A$ is a category of the form $$mathcal A = bigoplus_{(i,j)inmathbb Z times mathbb Z} mathcal A'$$ for some other abelian category $mathcal A'$. Furthermore, the differentials in Weibel's definition must be of a very particular form - for instance on the $E_2$ page they are direct some of maps which go by a knight's move in $mathbb Z times mathbb Z$.

Once you apply these two conditions, it looks like you arrive at something equivalent to Weibel's definition. However, watch out because Weibel allows the objects on the $r$-page to be isomorphic to the cohomology of the $(r-1)$-page, whereas SP says they are equal. This shouldn't make any difference up to isomorphism of spectral sequences though. And as long as we're pointing out insignificant details, Weibel also allows his spectral sequences to start at page $a$ rather than page $1$ like in SP.

Now let's try to come up with an SP-type spectral sequence that doesn't look like a Weibel-type spectral sequence, but then figure out how to make it into one. The example will show how to do it in general.

Let's take $mathcal A$ to be abelian groups. Maybe $E_0 = mathbb Z/32$ with $d_0$ given by multiplication by $16$. Then $E_1 = 2mathbb Z/16mathbb Z$. Now we may pick another differential, such as $d_1$ given by multiplication by $4$ for instance. Then $E_2 = 4mathbb Z/8mathbb Z$. At this point the spectral sequence would have to degenerate because there are no maps on $mathbb Z/2$ which square to zero but the zero map itself. So, page by page it looks like this:

$$[mathbb Z/32mathbb Z overset{times 16}longrightarrow mathbb Z/32mathbb Z], [2mathbb Z/16mathbb Z overset{times 4}longrightarrow 2mathbb Z/16mathbb Z ], [4mathbb Z/8mathbb Z overset{0}longrightarrow 4mathbb Z/8mathbb Z], ldots, E_{infty} = [4mathbb Z/8mathbb Z overset{0}longrightarrow 4mathbb Z/8mathbb Z]$$

It actually looks a little like a Weibel spectral sequence if we imagine these diagrams are surrounded by many zeros, the only problem is that the differentials aren't pointing in the right directions. But there is an easy way to fix this. Instead of extending these diagrams by zeros, define a Weibel spectral sequence by $E_r^{p,q} := E_r$ - so we just put the same object at every node. Then define the differentials $d_r^{p,q} = d_r$ to be the same differential between every appropriate pair of nodes. What you get is a Weibel spectral sequence which converges to an $infty$-page having $E_infty^{p,q} = E_infty$ for all $p,q$.