_{This answer contains an answer for all current Ubuntu versions, starting with recent versions at the top.}

Ubuntu 17.10 and later (GNOME Online Accounts)

Open System Settings and select Online Accounts -> under the Add an account heading select Google and authenticate with your Google password.

Make sure the "Files" permission is granted:

Now your Google Drive will appear in the Files application (nautilus), like this:

 Ubuntu 14.04 and later (for all desktop environments)

Open Drive is a Google Drive client for desktops written in Electron. It's fast, secure and easy to use.

Features

• Automatic synchronization between files


• Automatically updates modified files.


• Gives notifications.


• Runs in the system tray.


• No need to spend money.

To install Open Drive in all currently supported versions of Ubuntu open the terminal and type:

sudo snap install odrive-unofficial

Ubuntu 16.10 - 17.04 (GNOME Online Accounts)

GNOME 3.18 and newer (in Ubuntu 16.10 and later) has native desktop integration that will let you easily browse, manage, open, upload, and download your files. Just add your Google account in GNOME's online accounts application to get started.

To enable Google drive desktop integration in Ubuntu 16.10-17.04 follow these steps:

1. 
   

   Install GNOME System Settings and GNOME Online Accounts.

   
   
   

   sudo apt install gnome-control-center gnome-online-accounts
   
   

   
   


2. 
   

   Launch GNOME Online Accounts.

   
   
   

   gnome-control-center online-accounts   
   
   

   
   
   

   Make sure you close Unity Control Center first. If you have Unity Control Center open and you call gnome-control-center online-accounts, then it opens the Unity Control Center window instead of the GNOME one.

   
   



3. In the new Online Accounts window that opens click the Add an online account button, then in the Add Account window click the Google icon to add your Google account and authenticate with your Google password. Make sure Files is enabled by being toggled to the ON position.

You should now be able to access your Google Drive files from the Files (nautilus) app.

The same steps also work in Ubuntu 16.04 if it has GNOME 3.18 or newer installed. The current version of nautilus in Ubuntu 16.04 is nautilus 3.18.4.is.3.14.3-0ubuntu5.

Ubuntu 12.04-14.04

Grive2

The grive package from the Ubuntu Software Center no longer works because Google has discontinued service for Google Documents List API version 3.0, replacing it with a new API. The grive package has been forked by Grive2. The Grive2 fork supports the new Google Drive REST API and it also includes a new feature: partial (directory) sync.

The instructions for installing Grive2 in Ubuntu 14.04-17.04 are as follows:

1. 
   

   If you have already installed grive, first clear out the old version using this command:

   
   
   

   sudo apt-get purge grive
   
   

   
   


2. 
   

   Install Grive2 in Ubuntu 14.04-17.10

   
   
   

   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8  
   
   sudo apt update  
   
   sudo apt install grive 
   
   

   
   


3. 
   

   Create a new directory in your home directory for syncing files with Google Drive.

   
   
   

   mkdir ~/grive # or alternatively folder to backup/sync
   
   

   
   


4. 
   

   Change directories to the new grive folder.

   
   
   

   cd ~/grive   
   
   

   
   


5. 
   

   The first time you run Grive2 use the -a option for requesting an authorization token from Google which is used to get permission to access your Google Drive.

   
   
   

   grive -a
   
   

   
   



6. After running the above command, an URL should be displayed in the terminal. Copy this URL and paste it in the address bar of a web browser. At the Google page, you need to grant access to Grive. After clicking Allow access an authentication code will be displayed. Copy this code and paste it back into the terminal where you ran Grive2.

Unfortunately, Not with an official client. An unofficial driver exists online.

Note that there is no 12.04 PPA. I've contacted the maintainer asking for one to be made.

There is currently no official Linux client supported by Google.

For Linux

Google Drive isn't currently available for the Linux operating system. Linux users can still access Google Drive on the web – drive.google.com New Window or through the Google Drive mobile app.

Refer to http://support.google.com/drive/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2375082

There is an unofficial Gdrive FS in a PPA:

1. execute sudo add-apt-repository ppa:invernizzi/google-docs-fs to add the PPA.




2. once the command finishes, run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install google-docs-fs to install GdriveFS. Please be patient as this step may take a while.




3. Create a folder within your home folder called "Drive".




4. Execute: gmount Drive username@gmail.com, replacing your username as necessary, to mount your Google Drive. This must be run in a terminal.
   Test show that this application works fine, and is filemanager-independent, being an FS driver.

Two solutions: Insync, or google-docs-fs.

InSync

OMG! Ubuntu! posted an article about Google Drive and Ubuntu in 2012 about Insync.

• Download the Insync.tar.gz




• Extract to your Home folder




• Open a new terminal and navigate into the extracted Insync folder using the ‘cd’ > command (e.g. cd insync/)




• Run: sudo ./insync-installer Follow any on-screen prompts

After installing there are a few other things to note: After installation

• Insync must be started from the Terminal by running insync
  


• The app doesn’t auto-start by default, and there is no in-app way to enable > this

Update: There is a Ubuntu package from the Download page which installs (via software centre by default), configures an update repository, optionally installs file browser integration and starts InSync.

google-docs-fs

This app mounts your drive so you can thread it like a file system. Instructions come from OMG! Ubuntu!.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:invernizzi/google-docs-fs

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install google-docs-fs

Once everything that’s needed has been installed log out and back in.

• Open Nautilus


• Create a new folder in your Home folder titled ‘Drive’


• Open a Terminal and run: -


• gmount Drive username@gmail.com


• Input your password

Your Google Drive is now mounted in the ‘Drive’ folder

Grive Tools will allow for easy desktop install of Grive and setup of Google Drive on Ubuntu 12.04 or later. NOTE: This project is no longer supported see UPDATE: July 2015

To install Grive Tools from The Fan Club PPA on Ubuntu 12.10 and 15.04:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thefanclub/grive-tools

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install grive-tools

For 15.10 and later you can install grive-tools package manually:

wget https://launchpad.net/~thefanclub/+archive/ubuntu/grive-tools/+files/grive-tools_1.15_all.deb

sudo gdebi grive-tools_1.15_all.deb

Supported Desktops include Unity, Gnome, KDE, Xfce, Cinnamon and LXDE.

Supported languages : Afrikaans, English, Spanish, Dutch, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Arabic and Japanese.

For information about the Grive Tools project here : https://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/ubuntu-google-drive-client-grive-and-grive-tools

UPDATE: July 2015

This project has been replaced by overGrive a complete Google Drive desktop client solution for Linux. See : https://www.thefanclub.co.za/overgrive

There is another program, google-drive-ocamlfuse. This is a real Google Drive client (with a directory mounted via fuse, just like the Windows client), also this has automatic syncing and downloads the googgle documents in odf formats.

It seems that a ppa is available too. Here is a how to:

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-mount-google-drive-in-ubuntu-linux-using-google-drive-ocamlfuse.html

The source is here (the install process might not be smooth as there are dependencies and their dependencies, all having to be installed as ocaml packages, and some dont generate config files):

https://github.com/astrada/google-drive-ocamlfuse

Insync repository is available for Ubuntu now.

Following are the steps to install Insync:

1. 
   

   Add the source to /etc/apt/sources.list file
   (Sample line: deb http://apt.insynchq.com/[DISTRIBUTION] [CODENAME] non-free)

   
   
   

   To add the line directly to sources.list file do the following:

   
   
   

   echo "deb http://apt.insynchq.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/insync.list
   
   

   
   


2. 
   

   Import the key

   
   
   

   wget -O - https://d2t3ff60b2tol4.cloudfront.net/services@insynchq.com.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
   
   sudo apt-get update
   
   

   
   


3. 
   

   Install Insync

   
   
   

   sudo apt-get install insync-beta-ubuntu
   
   

   
   

Source: insynchq.com

You can use drive

drive is an unofficial Google Drive client originally developed by Burcu Dogan while working on the Google Drive team. It has more features than Grive2 and fewer bugs.

drive does intentionally not support background two-way syncing, but the drive pull and drive push commands work recursively by default, equivalent to "one-way syncing on demand".

Installation for Ubuntu, according to the documentation:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:twodopeshaggy/drive

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install drive

Grive with a GUI = SyncDrive

UPDATE: According to the latest news from the source of this piece of information cited below, "SyncDrive support site is closed and it can't pull files, so it won't work." Therefore, another alternative such as overGrive (formerly called "Grive Tools") mentioned in another answer can be recommended instead.

SyncDrive is front-end cleaned GUI which uses Grive as base.
There is no official Google-Drive app for Linux at this moment.
SyncDrive is designed by David who is the creator of Ubuntu-based MacOSX-look-alike Pear OS.

SyncDrive can be setup easily and synchronize your files stored on your Google Drive in your ~/SyncDrive folder. It can automatically sync files and also shows storage used/remaining. SyncDrive also has an indicator for easy access.

To install SyncDrive in Ubuntu; open Terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/pear-apps

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install syncdrive

Source: http://www.noobslab.com/2013/09/syncdrive-google-drive-available-for.html

Note: Files in Google Docs format do not seem to be stored locally.

The official Google Drive app for linux is not yet released. But there are third party options. InSync is a really good option.

Download the Insync.tar.gz from

http://s.insynchq.com/builds/insync-linux-beta1-py27.tar.bz2

Extract to your Home folder

Open a new terminal and navigate into the extracted Insync folder using the ‘cd’ command (e.g. cd insync/)

Run: sudo ./insync-installer

Follow any on-screen prompts

After installing there are a few other things to note:

Insync must be started from the Terminal by running ‘insync’

The app doesn’t auto-start by default, and there is no in-app way to enable this

Source : OMG!UBUNTU!

Updated on September-20-2015

Ubuntu 12.04 is NOT officially supported because of dependency issues but THIS PROJECT IS NO LONGER SUPPORTED DUE TO GOOGLE DRIVE API CHANGES .So here is installation of "over grive" a new Google Drive client.

Step 1: Download the latest version of overGrive DEB here.

Step 2: Launch OneGrive from launcher

Step 3: A window will appear ,click on Connect account then a browser window will open for you to sign in to your Google account.

Step 4: At the end you will get a code ,copy that code and paste it in the Onedrive window at Account entry box and click validate

Step 5: After setting your preferences (like location etc...) click Start Sync

For Reference here

This won't answer your question completely, but I'll post this anyway in case it helps you or other people.

Also, this answer is only going to be useful if you want the client for the sake of accessing your Documents offline.

If you use Google Chrome, you can get the Google Drive extensions which works offline once you activate it on your account. (There is an "Offline Docs" tab in your Google Docs' left side bar.)

You can get the extension here:
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/google-drive/apdfllckaahabafndbhieahigkjlhalf

I must say, it's rather limited. Documents is the only format that you can view and edit. You will be able to view your Spreadsheets, but not edit them. In my case, those limitations are okay since I mostly only use Documents.

More info:
http://support.google.com/drive/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=1628467

You can use gdrive, an open source cross-platform command line tool for Google Drive.

Note that this is not the same as drive, which is mentioned in another answer. It's quite similar though: also written in Go, and a comparable feature set, but different command line parameters.

To install and use:

1. Download the binary. Choose the one that fits your architecture, for example gdrive-linux-x64.



2. 
   

   Copy it to your path.

   
   
   

   sudo cp gdrive-linux-x64 /usr/local/bin/gdrive;
   
   sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/gdrive;
   
   

   
   


3. 
   

   To use it for downloading a file:

   
   
   

   gdrive download 0B7_OwkDsUIgFWXA1B2FPQfV5S8H
   
   

   
   
   

   Of course, use your own file ID instead of the 0B7_Ow[…] argument. You find it in the URL when opening your files in the Google Drive web interface, or right-clicking them and clicking "Get sharable link …". In the latter case, remember to turn off link-sharing again if you don't want others to access the file when they get the link.

   
   

At first use, the tool will need to obtain access permissions to the Google Drive API. For that, it will show you a link which you have to visit in a browser, and then you will get a verification code to copy&paste back to the tool. The download then starts automatically. There is no progress indicator, but you can observe the progress in a file manager or second terminal.

For those looking for a command-line-only solution, the best I've found is rclone. It works with a variety of cloud-based storage solutions, and is fairly easy to script with. Examples below.

Incrementally backup "/path/to/local folder 1" to "/someremotefolder/folder 1" on Google Drive. Additional commands can be added to backup additional folders.

#!/bin/bash

rclone sync "/path/to/local folder 1" "drive:/someremotefolder/folder 1" -v

Restore the remote copy, incrementally overwriting the local copy.

#!/bin/bash

rclone sync "drive:/someremotefolder/folder 1" "/path/to/local folder 1"

You can also transfer files between different remote folders and cloud storage solutions using the appropriate syntax for those media. The online documentation and man page are pretty easy to follow. Don't forget to do the initial setup steps (per the documentation), after installing rclone.

You can use Zoho Docs that have official client for Linux:

Works as Google Drive for Windows - just sync your files and you can edit them in web-browser. You can read more at official help page about sync client.

You can use nice russian service Yandex Disk that have WebDav and free 10 gb and official command-line sync client. Also inside you can create and edit documents from Microsoft Office Online.